Deep Horizon Blog

CENOTE CARACOL - Sistema Caracol

December 7th, 2008

This cave is located at the Labna Ha Eco Park leased and operated by Sergio Granucci and Pep Linares. This cave system is listed at #6 with 25763 meters/85,017 feet of surveyed passages. It is located one kilometer past Rancho San Felipe (Cenote Nohoch Nah Chich) with plenty of banner signs marking the way. The dive site fee is 200 pesos per diver and it is recommended to make it a day and do two cave dives in this highly decorated and beautiful cave system. There is a dry cave with a 200 meter boardwalk and lights, zip line, nature trails and you have an “all you can eat” BBQ lunch for $10.00.

The cenote is a small hole with professional wooden steps leading down into a completely water filled chamber. A huge wooden deck has been constructed to accommodate snorkelers, cavern and cave divers. The permanent gold guide line begins approximately 75 feet/23 meters inside the cave from the cavern tour marked by a red directional line arrow. The main gold line is a great first dive. For a second cave dive swim about 150 feet/45 meters upstream on the gold line and look for a 40-foot jump to the left marked by a yellow directional arrow. Follow this line and you will encounter two “T’ intersections. With each one continue straight as that is the true guideline.

To make arrangements to dive this great cave, please call Sergio on his cell phone at: 984 - 806 - 6040 or call Pep at: 984 – 105 - 1555. If you are calling from outside Mexico be sure to dial 011 – 52 and use 1 before the 984.

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HANAUMA BAY

December 7th, 2008

December 7, 2008

Greetings from Pearl Harbor near Honolulu on the island of Oahu, Hawaii!
Today is the 67^th anniversary of the infamous Japanese attack that thrust the United States into World War II.

Yesterday, Chief mate Jon Dubois and I took Saturday off from work (we are given a half day off each weekend) and departed from our vessel at 5:30 A.M. and drove east on Interstate H-1 to the east end of the island to scuba dive Hanauma Bay, which is an extinct volcano crater. I must say it was one of the best reef dives, in my limited experience, diving in Hawaii and as enjoyable as many of the great reef dives in the Caribbean. The following is a description I retrieved from the internet.
Hanauma Bay (pronounced “ha-NOW-mah”, in Hawaiian) is a marine embayment formed within a volcanic cone or crater and located along the southeast coast of the Island of Oahu (just east of Honolulu) in the Hawaiian Islands. Hana means ‘bay’ and uma means ’shelter,’ rendering “Shelter Bay” The “Bay” is a tautology: Hawaiians simply call this feature “Hanauma”. Hanauma is one of the most popular tourist destinations on the Island and has suffered somewhat from overuse (at one time accommodating over three million visitors per year). In the 1950s, dynamite was used to clear portions of the reef to expand the area available for swimming.

Hanauma is both a Nature Preserve and a Marine Life Conservation District (the first of several established in the State of Hawaii). Visitors are required by law to refrain from mistreating marine animals or from touching, walking, or otherwise having contact with coral heads, which appear much like large rocks on the ocean floor (here, mostly seaward of the shallow fringing reef off the beach). It is always recommended to avoid contacting coral or marine rocks as cuts to the skin can result and neglecting such wounds may bring medical problems.

Hanauma Bay is known for its abundance of Green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas, known as Honu. Hanauma is a nursery ground for the immature turtles, which have their nesting grounds at French Frigate Shoals. It is also known for its abundance of parrotfish.

The Hawaiian Islands are a group of volcanoes that have risen up over a hot spot, which is a section of the Earth’s surface that has exhibited volcanism for an extended period of time. Volcanic chains such as the Hawaiian Islands from as a result of the movement of a tectonic plate across fixed hot spot beneath the surface. In the case of the Hawaiian Islands, the Pacific plate has moved slowly northwestward over such a hotspot.

Approximately 3.9 million years ago, the Waiʻanae volcano created the island of Oʻahu. About 2.5 million years ago, the Koʻolau volcano erupted on the ocean floor, and continued to grow in elevation until about 1.7 million years ago, when it went dormant. Most of the eastern or windward portions of Oʻahu are remnants of this volcano. Most of the familiar geographic landmarks of eastern Oʻahu were created by eruptions from Koʻolau from about 500,000 to 10,000 years ago. The eastern flank of the Koʻolau volcano including the caldera slid into the sea, leaving the Koʻolau mountain range that can be seen today on the windward side of the island.

The Hanauma Crater is a relic of the latest (and perhaps final) burst of volcanic activity to occur on Oʻahu. Tens of thousands of years ago, a series of volcanic vents opened along the southeast shoreline of Oʻahu. Unlike the gentle lava flows currently building the island of Hawaiʻi, the late-stage eruptions on Oʻahu were violent explosions. The volcanic vents that formed Hanauma Crater opened on the sea floor. Upwelling magma vaporized the ocean water and steam explosions atomized the magma into fine ash. The explosions built cones of ash, which solidified into tuff. The eruptions shattered the sea floor—coral reef and basalt—and scattered pieces that are now embedded in the tuff. Wave erosion eventually cut through the low, southeast wall of the crater, forming the current bay.

Along the left point is the infamous Toilet Bowl, a natural spa tub that gently rises and falls with the tide. On days with high surf it is not gentle and can injure or kill people. The Toilet Bowl has been closed to the public since the mid 90s.

Jon and I entered the water from the beach at the south channel and swam out on the surface beyond the channel markers and finally descended to about 25 feet/8 meters. We immediately saw a green sea turtle. As we swam further out following a line of volcanic rock covered with corals, I was really impressed with the variety of tropical fish that consisted of many species of tangs, butterfly fish, surgeonfish, parrotfish, wrasses, and moray eels. My favorite tropical fish is the Moorish Idol that has a very long and wavy dorsal fin. We saw two eagle rays, another sea turtle with the visibility over 60 feet/18 meters Jon and I were ecstatic, especially after diving a week earlier with one dive a maximum 3 feet/1 meter. The preserve is set up really sweet. After our dive we had access to fresh water showers to wash our gear and ourselves. There was a tram vehicle available to take us back up to the crater rim. From what I have read and heard, this bay was really abused during the 70’s and 80’s. It was mainly from ignorance. However, in the 1990’s, I must say that positive actions were taken to save this bay and make it an educational preserve allowing people to still continue to use this site in a responsible manner. I was impressed! Next weekend, Jon and I will return with two tanks each and explore more of the bay underwater.

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CENOTE VACA HA - CENOTE TORTUGA - CENOTE KIM HA

December 3rd, 2008

This property belongs to the Don Camilo Family and is located on the Coba Road approximately ¾ of a kilometer before Cenote Carwash. There will be a federal green sign on the highway identifying the cenotes. Immediately slow down and look for the small road and a locked gate on the right. Obviously, you will need the key. Drive into Tulum on the main boulevard and midway you will want to turn left onto the Osiris Sur street. This is one block before the roundabout intersection and the HSBN bank. Drive one block and turn left on Andromedia Oriente Street that is a one-way street heading north. Drive one block and park at the right corner of Beta Sur Street and Andromedia Oriente Street. On your left corner is a cinder block home with black metal frame windows. Walk around to the parking spaces and knock on the front wooden door. This is the home of Don Camilo’s daughter. There are times when no one will be home so please do not be frustrated. The dive site fee is 70 pesos per diver and a key on a Ginnie Springs key ring will be given to you.
Unlock the gate and open it, drive in and close the gate and lock it. You drive 40 meters/130 feet on the road and to your right is the parking area for Cenote Vaca Ha – Sistema Toucha Ha. You will find a small pool of wáter that is twelve feet/4 meters deep. The permanent guideline begins at the bottom attached to an old wooden ladder. The main is the best dive with a “T” intersection 1800 feet/545 meters; stay to the right or straight to continue on the main line. A great side mount dive is an offshoot guideline located on the right side 700 feet/212 meters upstream the main line.

To find Cenote Kim Ha continue on the roadway until you reach a steep downward hill. At the bottom look to your left and will see a very short path and a small pool of wáter. This is Cenote Kim Ha and it is connected to Cenote Tortuga. The small pool of wáter appears formidable, however you can dive with double tanks. It is a very interesting dive.

To dive Cenote Tortuga continue following the road until ends. There will be a wooden table on the left that is beginning to fall apart. The cenote is surrounded on two sides with small stone wall. The pool of wáter is 10 feet/3 meters deep. The permanent guideline begins near the surface where you jump in. You negotiate a small opening (not a restriction) and enter into a huge hallway passage. Follow the line for seven minutes and you encounter a “T” intersection. Continue straight following the guideline is a huge freshwater power cave passage that has a “Y” intersection at 1000 feet/300 meters. The left line dead ends 200 feet/60 meters further. The right line dead ends at 400 feet/121 meters and the passage is stained almost pitch black.
The best dive is take a left at the “T” intersection and drop down into the saltwater zone with depths to 80 feet/24 meters. Follow this line as the passageway will remind you of sections of the Devil’s Eye Cave System in Gilchrest County, Florida. At 15 minutes into the dive you will encounter a “T” intersection. To the left the guideline loops back near the first “T” intersection. Swim to the right and your on your way to the Glory area of the cave that is a beautiful phreatic white cave passage with depths to 90 feet/27 meters.
Another great dive is the Black Forest line, which is the way to Cenote Kim Ha. Once you swim pass the second “T” intersection. about 300 feet/90 meters and look for a offshoot line to the left. Be careful as there are two offshoot guidelines closet to each other on the left. The correct offshoot line is the furthest one. Follow this line for 300 feet/90 meters and cross over a larger perpendicular passage and enter into a very low hard bottom bedding plane that goes for about 120 feet/36 meters. This should be a continuous guideline but more than likely it may require a reel to cross over a perpendicular line. After the bedding plane area you will then ascend up into a shallower, fresh wáter area known as the Black Forest as everything is stained very dark by tannic acid. Look for the fozzilized upside down sea turtle shell on the left side. If you reach another “T” intersection, swim the right light as it will drop back down into the saltwater. Have fun with this dive.

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CENOTE CHAN HOL (Small Hole) - Sistema Toh Ha

December 3rd, 2008

This is a great cave located on the Rancho Loma Linda property located eight kilometers south of Tulum. Once you pass the second curve with a metal guard rail, drive another kilometer and look for the ranch and cenote on the right side of the highway. There is now a table for preparing your equipment. The dive site fee is 100 pesos. It is highly recommended to get to this dive site early as possible as it has become very popular.

The cenote is dry with a ledge and a small pool of water about three feet deep maximum. The permanent guideline begins above the water. The cave entrance is a minor restriction. As you enter, stick clear to the right of the permanent guideline and look for the “U” hump on the ceiling and put your chest onto the floor. The restriction is only three feet in length. You will swim down a slope and immediately enter a chamber. At forty feet in depth there will be a “T” intersection. Turn left and swim about 250 feet where a second “t” intersection exists. Turn left again and you are on your way upstream the main line.

To view the ancient human skeleton swim upstream approximately 1500 feet. Once you have past the second red directional arrow on the main line swim about 150 feet when you see the permanent guideline drop down into a lower section of cave passage. Do not go any further as you want to tie off a jump reel or spool and swim at an 11:00 O’clock direction into an upper section cave passage. Look for scratch marks and scars to verify your positioning. Swim about sixty feet and look to the left. Once you find the bones do NOT hover over the remains as the exhaust bubbles will knock debris onto the archeological site. It is imperative not to touch or disturb this burial site. INAH – Mexico’s Archeological Organization plans to remove the skeleton in the near future.

The entire upstream main line is a great dive for as far as you can swim. Another interesting dive is the second jump to the left located in the big passage sections on the main line.

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CENOTE AKTUN HU - The IGUANA CAVE

December 3rd, 2008

This cave is the Riviera Maya’s biggest power cave passages. Goliath is the only word to describe the main line upstream. It is massive and surprisingly much decorated. The cave was first explored by the Labna Ha Exploration team of Sergio Granucci, Pep Linares, Richard Hicks and friends. The exploration continued with Alex Alvarez, Franco Attollini and Beto Navo. It is currently the #5 longest underwater cave in the world at 23,929 meters/78,508 feet.

The cave is located on Rancho Tamakis two kilometers past the Labna Ha Eco Park or the same dirt road for Rancho San Felipe (Cenote Nohoch Nah Chich). The dive site fee has varied is the past from 200 pesos or more. Negotiate a price if necessary. The drawback with this cenote entry is the distance from where you can park and the cenote. At a brisk walk it will take you eight minutes, for humping gear it will be twelve minutes. There were four wheel ATV machines available, however in recent visits the machines have been broken down or flat tires. A two-wheel cart may be a good tool as the path is well graded.

The cenote has a huge overhang with a very easy entry and large pool of water. The permanent guideline begins at the surface on the very back side of the pool of water directly in the middle. The first 3500 feet is giant power size passages and rooms with depths of 45 feet or less. A stage bottle makes the dive that much better.

There is a Mayan style bathroom and well constructed decks overlooking the cenote entry. If you are successful in doing this dive, it will be worth all the efforts in making it happen. Trust me on that!

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CAVE DIVING - SAFE & SMART

December 3rd, 2008

PSAI Cave Diving Manual
Cave Diving
Safe & Smart

PSAI’s new Cave Diving Manual, Cave Diving – Safe & Smart, contains 242 pages of up to date information for those interested in becoming a cave diver as well as serving as a comprehensive reference for those who are certified as cave divers. Authored by Steve Gerrard, Gary Taylor, and Martyn Farr; with contributions by Jeff Bozanic, Hal Watts, and Argyris Argyriadis this book provides a truly international perspective as well as a view that can only be brought by those with a long term history of involvement in cave diving.

Below is an overview of the information included in the PSAI Cave Manual from the Table of Contents:

The PSAI Golden Triangle
Disclaimer
History of the Professional Scuba Association International
Acknowledgements
Giving Back
Introduction

CHAPTER 1 Cave Diving Training

Introduction
The Part of PSAI in the History of Cave Diving
Traditional and Modern Approach to Cave Diving Training
PSAI Cave Diving Programs

CHAPTER 2 History of Cave Diving

The Beginnings
The 1940’s
The 1950’s
The 1960’s and 1970’s
The 1980’s
The 21^st Century

CHAPTER 3 Master of the BCD

Introduction
Float like a Buttery Fly
Trim
The Correct Choice of Your BCD and Harness
Weighting
Motion and Thrust
Power Fins and Straps
Fin Kicks
Bad Habits Concerning Propulsion Techniques

CHAPTER 4 Navigation with Guidelines

Introduction
Choices of Guidelines
The Reel
Code of Behavior
Running the Primary Reel
Line Traps
Communication Tools
Guideline Applications
Intersections
Always Be Sure of Your Exit – Multiple Exits
Complex Dive Protocol
Line Maintenance

CHAPTER 5 Planning the Dive

Introduction
Preparing for Your Dive
Travel
The Dive Site
Before the Dive
Organizing the Dive Plan
Define the Dive Purpose
Recognizing Risk
Communication
Pre-Dive Safety Protocol
Knowing Your Limits
Leadership
Unforeseen Events
Review of Equipment Needs
Mechanisms for the Dive Plan

CHAPTER 6 The Use of Nitrox

Purpose
Naming
Richness of Mix
Cylinder Markings
Dangers
History
Maximum Operating Depth
Equivalent Air Depth

CHAPTER 7 Decompression Illnesses

Introduction
Predisposing Factors
Type I Decompression Sickness
Type II Decompression Sickness
Other Forms of Decompression Sickness
Symptoms
Barotrauma
Factors Associated with Decompression Sickness
Diving Barotrauma
Use of a Recompression Chamber

CHAPTER 8 Breathing Gas Management

Introduction
Factors with Gas Planning and Consumption
Calculating Gas Consumption
Surface Gas Consumption Calculations
The Sheck Exley One Third Rule
Comparable Volumes
Comparable RMVs – The SAC Ratio Factor

CHAPTER 9 Stress and Attitude

Stress
Attitude
Sources of Stress
Mental Consequences of Stress
Physiological Consequences of Stress
The Relationship Between Mind, Body and Stress
Recognizing Stress
Managing Stress
Thinking Under Stress
Summary

CHAPTER 10 Emergencies Require Action

Managing Emergency Situations
What Causes Emergency Situations
Prevention
Solving Problems
Loss of Visibility
Light Failure
Light Failure Protocol
Guideline Entanglements
Broken Guidelines
Buoyancy Control Device Failure
Regulator and Valve/Manifold Failure
The Lost Diver
Lost Diver Protocol
Lost Line
Out of Gas
Getting In and Out of the Water
Summary

CHAPTER 11 Review of Accident Analysis

Lessons of Accident Analysis
Why Do Trained Cave Divers Die In Caves
Does Accident Analysis Really Help?
A 21^st Century Look at Accident Analysis
Just Because You are Certified Does Not Mean You are Qualified
Breathing Gas Mixtures
The right Tools for the Task

CHAPTER 12 Cave Exploration

Why Explore?
Word of Mouth
Topographical Maps
Google Earth
Aerial and Satellite Photographs
Airplanes/Helicopters
Books and Web Sites
Responsibility with Land Owners
Logistics
Playing the Game of Exploration
Expedition Projects

CHAPTER 13 Protecting the Fragile Cave Environment

Respect for the Dive Site
The Cave Diver
Land Owner Relations
Graffiti
Entrance and Exits
Contamination from the Surface
Personal Responsibility and Education
The Future
Summary

GLOSSARY

APPENDIX

Useful Relationships, Formulas, & Laws for Cave Divers

Field Neuro Exam

Recompression Chamber Information

In Water Recompression

DAN Medical Services Recompression Chamber Assistance Program

The Divers Alert Network DAN

Specific Recompression Chamber Information

Buhlmann Air Decompression Tables

U.S. Navy Air Decompression Tables

U.S. Navy EAN32 Tables

U.S. Navy EAN 36 Tables

PSAI Cave Diving Team Planning Log

PSAI Dive Programs

PSAI Sport Diver Programs

PSAI Technical Diver Programs

PSAI Technician Programs

PSAI Sport Professional Programs

PSAI Technical Professional Programs

Additional PSAI Program Information

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SHORE DIVING ON OAHU ISLAND

December 3rd, 2008

Wednesday, December 3rd, 2008Hola,

Big Greetings from Pearl Harbor near Honolulu, Hawaii!
On Sunday, November 30^th, Chief mate Jon Duboise and I departed from our vessel at the Navy pier at 6:30 A.M. and drove out to the east end of OAHU Island. We borrowed Chief Engineer Jim Sphar’s 1986 Mercedes Benz sedan (a great car in excellent shape) and drove on the H-3 Interstate Highway from Honolulu through the volcano mountain passes and two tunnels over to the city of Kailua. Our goal was to find Aaron’s Dive Shop located at 307 Hahani Street. Why? It was the only dive store we could find on the Internet that opened at 7:00 A.M., so we could rent a couple of 80 cubic foot aluminum scuba tanks. Plus, I wanted to buy some 5 lb. weights that cost $5.00 a lb. (Apparently, there is a tremendous shortage of lead as the Chinese are buying it up all around the world). We asked the young lady working at the dive shop what would be some suggested good spots to dive along the east end. We only had four hours to work with as we had only a half day off from work. She gave us a few suggestions, however, her lack of diving experience obviously showed.

!With a newly purchased map of the entire popular dive sites of the island of Oahu and all our gear loaded in the car we decided to drive up to the Mokapu peninsula as one potential dive site was Mokapu point. However, all of this area is located on the United States Marine Corps base. We had military I.D., but not the right kind unless we got a pass. Our time was limited so we decided to blow off this dive site. Hence, we headed southeast on Highway 72 and try to dive at Makapuu Beach (nearby is the mansion home used for the Television TV series Magnum P.I. starring Tom Selleck back in the 1980’s). The surf and ocean swells were kind of rough so nearby was Makai Research Pier and it looked calm. So, we decided this pier would do it as we really didn’t care where we dived, we just wanted to dive and blow bubbles.

We prepared our equipment and I was using a BARE 7mm wetsuit that was given to me by a fellow crew member that fits like a glove. The water temperature was around 76 degrees F. We made a beach entry and swam out about 100 meters on the surface near a channel marker post and descended. The depth was 15 feet and the visibility was a disappointing 10 feet maximum. We found some volcanic rocks and corals and began following them along the sea floor with the depths reaching an incredible 19 – 25 feet. Yes, we saw a few tropical fish, but not as many as anticipated. After thirty minutes we found a submarine cable that lies on the ocean floor from the pier island heading for Manana Island. We followed this cable for 30 meters and found more volcanic rock with corals and the visibility improved up to twenty feet. There were more tropical fish and we found a Green Sea Turtle that was not spooked and a big treat to observe. Finally, we decided to swim back to the pier following the submarine cable. At the pier island we found lots of tires, chairs and junk. However, surprisingly many tropical fish and thousands if not millions of this particular bait fish were swimming underneath the pier. It was quite a picturesque sight. Total dive time was over an hour.

After the dive we got dressed and drove back to Aaron’s Dive Shop in Kailua and then back to our vessel for lunch and to work that afternoon. Jon and I decided we try another dive on the south end of Oahu after work. Our work day ended at 4:00 P.M. and we drove on the H-1 Interstate heading west. Our boat Captain and his wife – Jim & Diane Beavis – own a condominium at the Ko Olina Resort complex. We were given permission to try this location as they had these man-made inlets that allowed easy entries into the water. However, there was some fairly good size ocean swells and swimming underwater was quite a challenge as the maximum visibility was three feet. We swam for 20 minutes with the undertow taking us twenty feet further than the ocean surge coming in. We decided we would surface and saw we were 2,000 feet offshore. With the horrible visibility and the very unsafe undertow conditions we decided to swim back to shore to the inlet. The most excitement was riding the huge crashing waves on the shallow reef into the small inlet. Sadly, the north Pacific winter storms way offshore brought in these big swells that churned up the water and making the visibility very poor. For me, it was another opportunity to gain great experience with the wide variety of diving conditions that one can encounter while diving the Hawaiian Islands during the different seasons of the year.
Jon and I both agreed it was a fun day of diving and a great learning experience. Next Sunday we plan to dive at the famous and beautiful Haunama Bay.

The attached file is the about the new PSAI cave diving text I co-authored with Gary Taylor and Martyn Farr titled CAVE DIVING – SAFE & SMART with the complete Table of Contents. The retail price of the new book sold by PSAI is $49.00. I am listing the book on my front page of my web site www.steve-gerrard.com beginning today and discounting it for $39.00 plus shipping.

My other book – CAVERN DIVING – SAFE & FUN is also listed on my front page of my web site.
Both books have been goals of mine for the past five years and I am very proud to finally get them published.

If you know of anyone who is pursuing cave diving training no matter who is teaching the training, I encourage that this new text be considered. I am confident that this book is the best one yet.

I will return home to Puerto Aventuras on January 18th, 2009.Have a great and safe day!

STEVE

stevegerrard@cavediver.com
www.steve-gerrard.com(941) 380 – 0455 Cell USA Phone

MAILING ADDRESS:

STEVE GERRARD
PMB #401
98-1227 KAAHUMANU STREET, STE 106
AIEA, HAWAII 96701

La Costa Condominiums
#103
Xel Ha Avenue
Puerto Aventuras, Q. Roo
77750 MEXICO

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BRUCE “Poncho” O’CONNELL
November 24th, 2008

I have known Bruce O’Connell for over twenty years. Bruce owns and operates the PISGAH INN located on the Blue Ridge Parkway near Waynesville, North Carolina. Bruce got involved into cave diving during the late 1980’s when I was still living in Tallahassee. Bruce has been coming down to the Riviera Maya since the early 1990’s. We have dived together several times during the past 15 years. In June 2007 Bruce bought a home in Chemuyil with his companion Sandy Trujillo of Austin, Texas.

On Saturday, November 7^th Bruce departed from North Carolina driving his SUV vehicle with cave diving buddy Terry “Lefty” DeRouin of Atlanta, Georgia. On Monday morning, November 9^th they crossed the Mexican/U.S. border at Brownsville, Texas driving along the Gulf coast passing through Tampico, Veracruz, Villahermosa and arriving into Chemuyil late Thursday night, November 12^th. It was fun to read Bruce’s daily email logs of their trip and the hotels and restaurants they stopped at.

Bruce brought his entire cave diving gear down and is keeping it at my bodega. He is staying to the end of the month and will fly home. He will return for entire month of January and probably will return again in March. Bruce was very gracious to bring my new GENESIS 42 amp batteries shipped to him from Rodney and Suzie Nairne of SUBMERGE DPVs in Jupiter, Florida. I am excited because 10 months ago I bought four new hulls to accommodate these new long range batteries that should have a burn time of 180 minutes plus.

I am excited for Bruce with his new home and the many opportunities for great cave diving. He will definitely enjoy living in the Riviera Maya and seeing plenty of new caves to explore.